Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) from Kangimi Dam and the national water resources institute, Kaduna, Nigeria
Abba Ibrahim Abubakar
Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kabo, Kano State, Nigeria.
Abubakar Masud
Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kabo, Kano State, Nigeria.
Muktar, Umar Muktar
Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kabo, Kano State, Nigeria.
Tukur Sani Tajo
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kabo, Kano, State, Nigeria.
Sani Ibrahim
Department of Animal Health Technology, Audu Bako Collage of Agriculture Dambatta, Kano State, Nigeria.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/wsr.v12i1.6789
Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Cadmium, Heavy metals, Kaduna, Oreochromis niloticus, fish,
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated between September and October 2024 in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected from Kangimi Dam and the National Water Resources Fish Ponds, and cadmium concentrations in the gills, kidneys, and livers were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy–High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (AAS-HPLC). ANOVA was used to determine mean concentrations. In Kangimi Dam fish, cadmium levels were 0.045±0.011 mg/kg (gills), 0.056±0.006 mg/kg (liver), and 0.055±0.012 mg/kg (kidneys). In contrast fish from the National Water Resources Fish Ponds, concentrations were higher: 0.098±0.004 mg/kg, 0.107±0.001 mg/kg, and 0.097±0.006 mg/kg, respectively. The liver showed the highest accumulation, though differences across organs were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Cadmium concentrations remained within the WHO/FAO permissible limit (0.05 mg/kg), suggesting no significant health risk. Further studies on other heavy metals and their bioaccumulation factors in the study area are recommended.