Asian Bulletin of Energy Economics and Technology

Pakistan stands at a critical crossroad in its sustainable development, where transitioning from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy can yield substantial health and economic benefits. This analysis explores the multidimensional impacts of a clean energy shift in Pakistan across environmental health, economic resilience, and social equity. Fossil fuel combustion, especially from coal, oil, and biomass, contributes heavily to air pollution, causing increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, premature deaths, and significant productivity losses. The adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can improve air quality, reduce disease burden, and lower healthcare costs. Economically, this transition can create green jobs, enhance energy security, and redirect fossil fuel import expenditures toward innovation and development. However, realizing these benefits requires effective policy implementation, investment in green technologies, and widespread public awareness. The paper emphasizes integrating health impact assessments within energy policymaking to quantify health savings and economic co-benefits. A unified policy framework linking environmental health data with energy planning can ensure equitable growth and sustainability. In conclusion, Pakistan’s clean energy transformation is not solely an environmental necessity but a strategic path toward a healthier population, stronger economy, and resilient future aligned with national development and global climate goals.