Journal of Education and e-Learning Research

The Journal of Education and e-Learning Research (e-ISSN: 2410-9991/p-ISSN: 2518-0169) considers integrity, transparency, and academic quality to be the paramount principles that we expect our employees, authors, reviewers, and editors. In this document, we outline and detail the ethics and methods that we hold in place to ensure that these principles are maintained.         

The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) provides guidelines meant particularly for those in the journalist sector (Committee on Publication Ethics, 2011 and 2018). It is these guidelines that JEELR follow to allow our editors and publishers to maintain the highest of publishing ethical standards.

Reference

Committee on Publication Ethics (2011, March). Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. [The file can be downloaded locally here]

Committee on Publication Ethics (2018, January). Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. [The file can be downloaded locally here]

Standards are further followed through those set by relevant industry associations, such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). 

Research Integrity

Our practices as a publication are conducted with the intent to maintain the highest of academy standards, regarding the principles of honesty, transparency, academic excellence in the practices of research, and respect for all subject participants.  Additionally, the Journal of Education and e-Learning Research editorial teams are expected to provide  guidelines and policies for authors in the assistance of   research integrity and ethics appropriate to their subject matter and/or discipline.

Anyone who may be concerned that research published by the Journal of Education and e-Learning Research has not been carried out in line with these Research Publishing Ethics Guidelines, or the above principles, should raise their concerns with the relevant editor or email publishingethics@asianonlinejournals.com. Concerns will be addressed following appropriate COPE guidelines by escalating each  matter with our Publishing Ethics Committee if necessary. 

Editorial Process

• Publication decisions: Editors have complete responsibility and authority to accept or reject an article. Such responsibilities should be exercised taking only into consideration the relevance of the work to JEELR’s scope and the quality of the content. The latter consideration will take into account the quality of the methods, validity of the experiments, and the quality of the conclusions.
• Confidentiality: Confidentiality of all submitted papers must be regarded as of paramount importance to the editors and editorial teams, and the guarantees of such must be assured to the authors, reviewers, the JEELR editorial committee, and the publisher.
• Editors should have no conflict of interest with respect to the articles they accept or reject.
• A double-blind review must be adhered to during the peer review process.
• The anonymity of reviewers must be preserved.
• In instances where errors are found, articles must be either corrected or retracted.                               

Peer Review

Peer review is critical to maintaining the standards of our publications. We expect the following from reviewers:

• Judgments should be evidential, informed, and unbiased.
• If the selected reviewer feels unable to review the paper thoroughly, or cannot promptly review the paper, the reviewer should inform the editor and withdraw from the peer review process of the paper.
• Reviewers should have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors, and/or the research funders. This includes exercising confidentiality with respect to all reviewed articles.
• Reviewers should point out relevant published work which has not been cited.

Authorship and Contributorship

We acknowledge that different disciplines and publication formats have different norms for who is listed as an author. In instances guidance are not provided or specified, we recommend adhering to  the following examples:

• List anyone who has made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work.
• All works shall have final approval before publication.
• Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work and ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

In the interest of best practice, the corresponding author(s) of each work is to handle the development of the manuscript(s), as well as correspondence during the publication process and confirms their authority to act on behalf of all co-authors in matters relating to the publication and development of the manuscript and to act as a point of contact for all enquiries post-publication. This also applies to the publication of all supplementary material. The corresponding author is also responsible for obtaining such agreements and for informing the co-authors of the manuscript’s status throughout the submission, review, and publication process.     

For contributors who do not meet the requirements for authorship, we advise that publications credit the relevant colleagues in an ‘Acknowledgements’ section.    

COPE also provides extensive resources on authorship and authorship disputes. We support our editors in dealing with any authorship disputes, including escalating or seeking advice on cases with COPE. We work with established and emerging industry standards to increase transparency in authorship (e.g., ORCID). We also support initiatives that enable transparency in authorship and contributorship, such as CRediT taxonomy.

Plagiarism

The similarity/plagiarism rates of all published works and works in development is carried out using CrossCheck, powered by iThenticate.     

Plagiarism, the act of using another’s words, data, ideas, and materials without their expressed acknowledgement and permission, can occur in respect to all types of sources and media, including:

• Text, illustrations, musical quotations, extended mathematical derivations, computer code, etc.,
• Material downloaded from websites or drawn from manuscripts or other media,
• Published and unpublished material, including lectures, presentations, and grey literature.

We reserve the right to check all submissions through appropriate plagiarism checking tools, and JEELR exercising a zero-tolerance policy on plagiarism in respect of any and all publications. Submissions containing suspected plagiarism, in whole or in part, will be rejected. Any articles discovered to have plagiarized post-publication will be retracted. Please click here for further information.                                

Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Duplicate or redundant publication, as defined by COPE , occurs when work, or substantial parts of such, is published more than once by the author(s) without appropriate cross-referencing or justification for the overlap. This can be in the same language or a different language.

We do not support substantial overlap between publications, unless:

• It is felt that, editorially, this will strengthen the academic discourse.
• Approval from the original publication is clearly provided.
• The source material is adequately cited.

Our readers, reviewers, and editors can raise any suspicions of plagiarism, duplicate or otherwise of another person’s work, by contacting the relevant editor or by emailing publishingethics@asianonlinejournals.com.

Furthermore, any works pending submission or publication must not be under consideration with any other publication, be it journal, book, or other forms of press.    

The above definition of redundant publication is available at: https://publicationethics.org/category/keywords/redundant-publication.

Conflicts of Interest and Funding

We aim to ensure that any Journal of Education and e-Learning Research publication is developed with academic integrity and representative of unbiased study. Authors submitting a manuscript to the JEELR are required to declare any potential conflicts of interest that could interfere with the objectivity or integrity of their work or that of another’s, or be perceived to influence the development and publication of a piece that is deemed unbiased or otherwise unobjective  be it financial, non-financial, professional, contractual, or personal in nature. We also advise that anyone who suspects an undisclosed conflict of interest regarding any work published or under consideration by the JEELR  can  inform the relevant editor or email publishingethics@asianonlinejournals.com.

Libel, Defamation, and Freedom of Expression

Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of our efforts as academic publishers, and as such  we will never  support the publication of false statements or any works that seek to harm the reputation of individuals, groups, or organizations. Any allegations of libel made against our publication are dealt with by our legal team, and our contributors can seek their advice on any pre-publication libel reviews.    

Retractions, Corrections, and Expressions of Concern

Our  journal editors will consider retractions, corrections, or expressions of concern in line with COPE’s Retraction Guidelines. If an author is found to have made an error, the journal will issue a corrigendum. If the journal is found to have made an error, they will issue an erratum. Retractions are usually reserved for particular articles with such egregious flaws or misalignment with the editorial principles of JEELR that their findings and/or conclusions should not be relied upon. Accepted manuscripts may have minor changes that address superficial issues such as typesetting or proofreading, however, any substantive corrections will be carried out in line with COPE’s Retraction Guidelines.

Reference

COPE (2019) COPE Retraction guidelines — English. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4 Version 2: November 2019.
https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines.

Image Manipulation, Falsification, and Fabrication

Where research data and findings are presented in  image formats, modifying these images can sometimes misrepresent the results or their significance as such. While there can be legitimate reasons for modifying images, we advise authors against this in order to mitigate the risk of misrepresentation of the acquired data.    

Fraudulent Research and Research Misconduct

Where we are made aware of  misconduct of any kind by our authors, our primary  concern is the integrity of the content we have published. Working with the editors and contributors to the work, COPE, and any necessary third-party organisations,  any publication conclusively found to be  fraudulent in any instance will be either retracted  or corrected where appropriate.    

Transparency

We strive to follow COPE’s Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing.

 Data and Supporting Evidence

We support and encourage transparency and openness regarding the  data, code, and any other materials obtained and observed in the conduct of research. To maintain this, authors are expected to maintain  records of the supporting evidence necessary to allow readers and other contributors   to understand, verify, and replicate new findings, and to supply  access to the  supporting evidence on reasonable request. Where appropriate, and where allowed by an employer, funding body, or others who may have an interest, we  advise authors to:

• Deposit data in a suitable repository or storage location for sharing and further use by others,
• Describe where the data may be found in a Data Availability Statement within the publication.

Integrity of Record

We maintain a record  of all works   published by JEELR with accompanying   metadata   describing each publication. If our content is deemed to be in breach of the   laws of a sovereign nation, we exercise due diligence  to ensure the metadata remain accessible within that jurisdiction. Instances where the publication record requires modification, such as in the case of research misconduct leading to the retraction of a publication,  the academic record as far possible. See the Retractions, Corrections and Expressions of Concern guidelines for information about how we do this.

Copyright and Licensing
Copyrights for articles are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. Authors have rights to reuse, republish, archive, and distribute their own articles after publication. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work.This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Ethical guidelines for the use of human participants in research
The below principles are meant to be applied to human research.
Human research is research done with individuals’ data or tissue and has made significant contributions to modern human welfare. Because of the potential social benefits of such studies, all human interactions, even those involving human research, have ethical implications. 'Ethical behavior,' however, entails more than what is perceived to be doing the right thing, operating instead in a righteous manner, motivated by one’s deep regard compassion for one's fellow specious.
Human research should be carried out with a particularly detailed scientific goal in mind with reasonable expectation that the research will: a) improve understanding of the processes underlying the evolution, development, maintenance, alteration, control, or biological significance of human behavior; b) determine the ability to replicate as well as the generality of previous research used to influence the current publication; c) improve human understanding; or d) provide results that provide benefits to the health or welfare of humans or other animals.
All features of research or intervention should be disclosed to the participants by the investigator. The investigator should provide information to the participants regarding any information that such participants may inquire about additional components of the research. Failure to provide such information prior to receiving informed consent will require extra precautions to preserve the participants' welfare and dignity.
Investigators primarily have obligations to safeguard all participants from both bodily and emotional damage.
It must be stated that investigations were conducted in accordance with the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki, revised in 2013 (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/) when author(s) submit a paper involving human subjects, human material, human tissues, or human data. Clearance from the local institutional review board or other suitable ethical committee must be acquired before research is conducted, according to point 23 of this statement, in order to ensure that the study fully complies with national and international criteria. The project identification code, date of approval, and name of the ethics committee or institutional review board must all be provided in the article's Section 'Institutional Review Board Statement.'

Reference

National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007 (Updated 2018). The National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Research Council and Universities Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Marketing Communication

Social media and email communication are powerful tools for sharing our publications with new and existing readers as part of our efforts to maintain engagement. However, our social media teams are expected to uphold the  responsibilities that maintain the integrity of our publications and reputation by regarding and adhering to all Journal of Education and e-Learning Research social media policies and best practices in media use, and following the Advertising Standards Authority’s guidance on the marketing of publications (or equivalent bodies applicable to our global offices).    

Advertising

As well as advertising our own products to our readers, we allow third-party advertisements (targeted or otherwise)  on our online academic platforms and  some of our print publications, each within limited spaces. Our advertisements are in accordance with our data protection regulations, the Advertising Standards Authority’s guidance on the marketing of publications, and our internal compliance procedures. Where present, all advertising must:

• Be independent of editorial decisions on what we publish,
• Be categorically distinct from content.

     We reserve the right to reject and/or remove any advertising if we suspect  that it contravenes the Research Publishing Ethics Guidelines or our Code of Ethics.

PR / Media

We recommend that academic colleagues who are involved in media or publicity inform themselves of, and follow, the standards of the International Public Relations Association’s (IPRA) Code of Conduct when conducting any media communications such as press releases, public statements, or otherwise.  Where we solicit or encourage media activities concerning one of our authors, editors, or publishing partners, we strive to keep them informed.

Metrics, Usage, and Reporting

We exercise due diligence  to ensure that our reporting of content usage remains in line with  industry standards and the COUNTER Code of Practice, and ensure that our understanding of such Codes of Practice is in line with COUNTER’s latest releases. This is  in order to allow our customers and publishing partners to compare usage of Cambridge University Press resources with data received from other publishers and vendors, however, wherever appropriate, we may omit usage that infringes our Terms of Use, or which is known to be fraudulent or malicious (e.g., originating from denial-of-service attacks).

We partner with a number of third parties to provide our users with metrics to illustrate the impact and reception of our content. We support the work of third parties, such as Crossref, and, where required, actively facilitate the work of such organizations (through the provision of data, access, or fees). We do not seek to control or influence any third party and we are not responsible for the metrics and rankings they produce.

The Journal of Education and e-Learning Research is also a signatory of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA).